Sphingomyelinases in a journey to combat arthropod‐borne pathogen transmission

Ixodes scapularis ticks feed on humans and other vertebrate hosts transmit several pathogens of public health concern. Tick saliva is a complex mixture bioactive proteins, lipids immunomodulators, such as I. sphingomyelinase ( Is SMase) ‐ like protein, an ortholog dermonecrotoxin SMase D found in the venom Loxosceles spp. spiders. modulates host immune response towards Th2, which suppresses Th1‐mediated cytokines to facilitate pathogen transmission. Arboviruses utilize exosomes for their transmission from tick host, derived saliva/salivary glands suppress C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 12 interleukin‐8 response(s) human skin delay wound healing repair processes. affects also viral replication exosome biogenesis, thereby inhibiting tick‐to‐vertebrate pathogenic exosomes. In this review, we elaborate biogenesis potential candidates developing novel control measure(s) combat tick‐borne diseases. Such targets could help with development efficient anti‐tick vaccine preventing pathogens.